Many people from the point of pessimistic predictions of global expansion of capitalism, as capitalism has penetrated or are about to penetrate into all areas of production, circulation and consumption, in an era of focus on the shopping basket and m bags, revolution in addition to consumer play said the fate of about can only be a Museum, it has lost the reality of the soil. Globalization and consumerism can only be the result of the world into a world entirely of capitalism and consumerism. The commentators pessimistic predictions: "in such a world, revolution as we are anxious to escape hell, and capitalist economic development has become our only heaven. "[1]
This new "left" or prospective new "left" argument seems to be very popular, but cannot withstand scrutiny. First of all, whether of capitalism is the same as "revolutionary" antonyms? Or, rather, whether the revolution can only be a socialist revolution? We know that the bourgeoisie was very revolutionary class of Western and Chinese history. Freedom, equality, justice, human rights, the sovereignty of the people used to be, but there still is the basic justification of revolution, which was established by the bourgeois revolution of modern values. Socialist revolutionary theory regardless of the bourgeois revolution was modified on the extent of this theory, but the people of freedom, human rights, equality, justice, concepts such as sovereignty and not to give up, on the contrary, founder and authoritative interpretation of Marx's theory of socialist revolution, say that only socialist revolution can really only be deemed to be complete in the bourgeois revolution there with misleading slogans of freedom, justice and sovereignty of the people. So, what value is in the modern China?
Others were grouped "right," "new enlightenment" and "liberal" name such as "farewell to revolution" argument is also full of doubts. Such an argument in mainland Chinese scholars there are, from the "cultural revolution" radical criticism, France Reflections on the revolution, from the gu zhun to Hayek thermal, "say goodbye to the revolution" on revolutionary claims than improvement, aggressive than incremental, France revolution rather than United Kingdom specious conclusions of the revolution. [2] is even more deadly, it "revolution" that has a very rich connotations of the term, simple equivalent of "cultural revolution" of humanitarian disaster, humanitarian and "revolution" against, but not seen as a modern universal humanitarian values, have and will continue to be powerful resources and driving force of the revolution. As to the revolutionary way of, revolution and then never actually violence this way, even if we think that revolution is radical, but radical nor equal to violence.
Revolution is the basic meaning of the basic nature of the community, particularly the Government of the country changes, therefore, always with radical implications of the revolution. In Arendt's view, "revolution" often and "war" are closely related, but "revolution not just successful riot" [3]. Arendt's think, revolution promised has "history process suddenly again began has, a new of story, a zhiqian from does not known by know, and known by road of story will expand" [4], so "only occurs has new beginning significance Shang of changes, and violence was used to construction a completely different of Government form, create a new of political body, from oppression in the liberation to construction free for at least target, that only said was Shang is revolution" [5]. Arendt's human revolution as a form of special abilities, humans have the ability to start in any adversity, freedom of action. Contains the notion of revolution, that history will suddenly turn on a new and unprecedented process, a new story, a bright future. Not all of the political upheaval was revolutionary, so, is there a revolution depends on whether people create the future in the historical existence, creating social life. Revolution is the main driving force of desire for freedom, the desire to be the value of human creativity power.
Revolution of Chinese revolutionary leader and pioneer of person without commitment will bring a political freedom, democracy, justice, equality and other modern values as the core of a new era, new society, new life, which is the basis for legitimacy of the Chinese revolution. Therefore, the "radical" is not a means of concept, but the concept of nature, the national democracies will by violent means to achieve fundamental changes not of. From the ancient palace coup d ' ��tat to modern military riots, as a result of its rulers shifted rather than rule the fundamental change in the method of, nor does it appear new nature of society and life. This violent practice is by no means revolution and bloodless revolution in Eastern Europe in the late 20th century although there is no shadow of violence, but remains a fundamental change of system, it is absolutely radical in nature, because it resulted in fundamental changes of national democracies (so called "Velvet Revolution"). From this point of view, then, whether achieved its original commitment of the Chinese revolution of freedom, equality and democracy? Is really said goodbye to its claim to say goodbye to the tyranny of "traditional"? People are the masters now? Autocracy did overthrow? If not, it means that the Revolution did not succeed, how can we say goodbye to the Phantom of the success of revolution?
Therefore, the crux of the problem: we want to say goodbye to is what kind of "revolution"? Is farewell as a means of violent revolution, was also thoroughly abandon the original ideals of the revolution--freedom, democracy, the people's sovereignty (or Arendt's claim that "free nation")? Is a failure of revolution or necrosis, malformation of revolution? Arendt's the Rosa. Luxembourg [6] pointed out that Luxembourg Madam "worry is not a failed revolution, but rather morbid revolution," queer revolution is not only the success of "revolution", but also Revolution itself tarnished reputation, make people doubt and disgust of the Revolution itself "revolution". "Farewell to revolution" appeal to get its own legitimacy, must say goodbye to target corrupt revolution rather than a failed revolution.
This requires our serious cleanup "revolution" as a practice and as a theory in the West and China through the complex history, clean revolutions in different countries, different versions of different age and different discourse, to seriously study what kind of revolution and revolution practice dominate the Chinese revolution? Nearly a century on the concept and practice of the Chinese revolution has experienced what major changes? Previously to democracy and freedom and people's sovereignty as the main legitimate revolutionary concept is based on the demands and how to evolve into the "cultural revolution" of disaster? Today, they actually implemented yet? Arendt's from the people's freedom of action and its originality, to debate and evaluation of the revolution and to bring people hope. Real revolution originated in man's endless opened new capacity, freedom of movement, revolution aimed to create a true common area of freedom, political freedom is the measure of true and false revolution and value standard of evaluation of the success of the revolution. The revolution failed, because the revolutionary ideology of the original political freedom claim was false, shortsighted social material demands or kidnapped by the selfish interests of political parties, with political freedom as the flag of revolution, in many parts of the world finally degenerated into hostility to autocratic powers of political freedom. Political freedoms of Revolution destroyed the original impulse, which is the biggest failure of the revolution.
Of course, the revolution also has a greater degree of failure, that is the significance of the revolution be forgotten, said Arendt's revolution is a free open new capabilities of the highest embodiment of the people, is the highest, the most typical form of the action. But the action is always full of unpredictability, precisely because of this, cannot be success or failure on the heroes of the revolution, remained light through the failed revolution, biaobingshice, but the assumption is it must be through the narrative form of the record, Arendt's understanding of "narrative" mainly "tragedy." Arendt's understanding of "tragedy" is a "narrative" is the "story". Revealed by the revolutionary tragic imagination it was revolution that was often masked the casual and unpredictability. Revolution is not its "success", but in their long to activate and maintain the sense of human freedom.
This makes the literature described how revolutionary this problem has become more important than ever, it was well beyond the public political literature or aesthetic significance. This is the reason why I attach so much importance to root causes of the revolution in the revolution after writing. We have to ask: how China's revolution has been described? It's tragic what has been revealed? China free founding ideals of the revolution achieved it? If not, why?
Such a complex tangle of thought made it impossible for both simple and naive as to advocate revolutionary riot, returned to the "cultural revolution" class struggle in the period, they cannot cheaply (is also completely and fortunately) claimed that the "farewell to revolution", but the revolution as a serious academic reflection on the issue.
[1] Zhao Mu: revolution in the post revolution era of writing.
[2] misreading the gu zhun, also misread the Hayek.
[3] Hannah Arendt 's: the revolutionary, Nanjing: translation of press, March 2007, the 23rd.
[4] Hannah Arendt 's: the revolutionary, Nanjing: translation of press, March 2007, the 17th.
[5] Hannah Arendt 's: the revolutionary, Nanjing: translation of press, March 2007, the 23rd.
[6]1966 years, RobertSivers, Arendt's the issue of the Luxembourg biography (author is a famous political science PeterNettle) wrote a book. Arendt's note many read thoughts, and wrote the article of the heroine of the revolution, published in the New York review. Back to "Rosa. Luxembourg entitled" Arendt's income of the dark ages of people.
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